mev-beta/pkg/execution/transaction_builder.go

package execution

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"math/big"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"

	"github.com/your-org/mev-bot/pkg/arbitrage"
	mevtypes "github.com/your-org/mev-bot/pkg/types"
)

// TransactionBuilderConfig contains configuration for transaction building
type TransactionBuilderConfig struct {
	// Slippage protection
	DefaultSlippageBPS uint16 // Basis points (e.g., 50 = 0.5%)
	MaxSlippageBPS     uint16 // Maximum allowed slippage

	// Gas configuration
	GasLimitMultiplier float64 // Multiplier for estimated gas (e.g., 1.2 = 20% buffer)
	MaxGasLimit        uint64  // Maximum gas limit per transaction

	// EIP-1559 configuration
	MaxPriorityFeeGwei uint64 // Max priority fee in gwei
	MaxFeePerGasGwei   uint64 // Max fee per gas in gwei

	// Deadline
	DefaultDeadline time.Duration // Default deadline for swaps (e.g., 5 minutes)
}

// DefaultTransactionBuilderConfig returns default configuration
func DefaultTransactionBuilderConfig() *TransactionBuilderConfig {
	return &TransactionBuilderConfig{
		DefaultSlippageBPS: 50,  // 0.5%
		MaxSlippageBPS:     300, // 3%
		GasLimitMultiplier: 1.2,
		MaxGasLimit:        3000000, // 3M gas
		MaxPriorityFeeGwei: 2,       // 2 gwei priority
		MaxFeePerGasGwei:   100,     // 100 gwei max
		DefaultDeadline:    5 * time.Minute,
	}
}

// TransactionBuilder builds executable transactions from arbitrage opportunities
type TransactionBuilder struct {
	config       *TransactionBuilderConfig
	chainID      *big.Int
	logger       *slog.Logger

	// Protocol-specific encoders
	uniswapV2Encoder *UniswapV2Encoder
	uniswapV3Encoder *UniswapV3Encoder
	curveEncoder     *CurveEncoder
}

// NewTransactionBuilder creates a new transaction builder
func NewTransactionBuilder(
	config *TransactionBuilderConfig,
	chainID *big.Int,
	logger *slog.Logger,
) *TransactionBuilder {
	if config == nil {
		config = DefaultTransactionBuilderConfig()
	}

	return &TransactionBuilder{
		config:           config,
		chainID:          chainID,
		logger:           logger.With("component", "transaction_builder"),
		uniswapV2Encoder: NewUniswapV2Encoder(),
		uniswapV3Encoder: NewUniswapV3Encoder(),
		curveEncoder:     NewCurveEncoder(),
	}
}

// SwapTransaction represents a built swap transaction ready for execution
type SwapTransaction struct {
	// Transaction data
	To       common.Address
	Data     []byte
	Value    *big.Int
	GasLimit uint64

	// EIP-1559 gas pricing
	MaxFeePerGas         *big.Int
	MaxPriorityFeePerGas *big.Int

	// Metadata
	Opportunity  *arbitrage.Opportunity
	Deadline     time.Time
	Slippage     uint16 // Basis points
	MinOutput    *big.Int

	// Execution context
	RequiresFlashloan bool
	FlashloanAmount   *big.Int
}

// BuildTransaction builds a transaction from an arbitrage opportunity
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) BuildTransaction(
	ctx context.Context,
	opp *arbitrage.Opportunity,
	fromAddress common.Address,
) (*SwapTransaction, error) {
	tb.logger.Debug("building transaction",
		"opportunityID", opp.ID,
		"type", opp.Type,
		"hops", len(opp.Path),
	)

	// Validate opportunity
	if !opp.CanExecute() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opportunity cannot be executed")
	}

	if opp.IsExpired() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opportunity has expired")
	}

	// Calculate deadline
	deadline := time.Now().Add(tb.config.DefaultDeadline)
	if opp.ExpiresAt.Before(deadline) {
		deadline = opp.ExpiresAt
	}

	// Calculate minimum output with slippage
	slippage := tb.config.DefaultSlippageBPS
	minOutput := tb.calculateMinOutput(opp.OutputAmount, slippage)

	// Build transaction based on path length
	var tx *SwapTransaction
	var err error

	if len(opp.Path) == 1 {
		// Single swap
		tx, err = tb.buildSingleSwap(ctx, opp, fromAddress, minOutput, deadline, slippage)
	} else {
		// Multi-hop swap
		tx, err = tb.buildMultiHopSwap(ctx, opp, fromAddress, minOutput, deadline, slippage)
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build transaction: %w", err)
	}

	// Set gas pricing
	err = tb.setGasPricing(ctx, tx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set gas pricing: %w", err)
	}

	tb.logger.Info("transaction built successfully",
		"opportunityID", opp.ID,
		"to", tx.To.Hex(),
		"gasLimit", tx.GasLimit,
		"maxFeePerGas", tx.MaxFeePerGas.String(),
		"minOutput", minOutput.String(),
	)

	return tx, nil
}

// buildSingleSwap builds a transaction for a single swap
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) buildSingleSwap(
	ctx context.Context,
	opp *arbitrage.Opportunity,
	fromAddress common.Address,
	minOutput *big.Int,
	deadline time.Time,
	slippage uint16,
) (*SwapTransaction, error) {
	step := opp.Path[0]

	var data []byte
	var to common.Address
	var err error

	switch step.Protocol {
	case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV2, mevtypes.ProtocolSushiSwap:
		to, data, err = tb.uniswapV2Encoder.EncodeSwap(
			step.TokenIn,
			step.TokenOut,
			step.AmountIn,
			minOutput,
			step.PoolAddress,
			fromAddress,
			deadline,
		)

	case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV3:
		to, data, err = tb.uniswapV3Encoder.EncodeSwap(
			step.TokenIn,
			step.TokenOut,
			step.AmountIn,
			minOutput,
			step.PoolAddress,
			step.Fee,
			fromAddress,
			deadline,
		)

	case mevtypes.ProtocolCurve:
		to, data, err = tb.curveEncoder.EncodeSwap(
			step.TokenIn,
			step.TokenOut,
			step.AmountIn,
			minOutput,
			step.PoolAddress,
			fromAddress,
		)

	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", step.Protocol)
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to encode swap: %w", err)
	}

	// Estimate gas limit
	gasLimit := tb.estimateGasLimit(opp)

	tx := &SwapTransaction{
		To:                to,
		Data:              data,
		Value:             big.NewInt(0), // No ETH value for token swaps
		GasLimit:          gasLimit,
		Opportunity:       opp,
		Deadline:          deadline,
		Slippage:          slippage,
		MinOutput:         minOutput,
		RequiresFlashloan: tb.requiresFlashloan(opp, fromAddress),
	}

	return tx, nil
}

// buildMultiHopSwap builds a transaction for multi-hop swaps
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) buildMultiHopSwap(
	ctx context.Context,
	opp *arbitrage.Opportunity,
	fromAddress common.Address,
	minOutput *big.Int,
	deadline time.Time,
	slippage uint16,
) (*SwapTransaction, error) {
	// For multi-hop, we need to use a router contract or build a custom aggregator
	// This is a simplified implementation that chains individual swaps

	tb.logger.Debug("building multi-hop transaction",
		"hops", len(opp.Path),
	)

	// Determine if all hops use the same protocol
	firstProtocol := opp.Path[0].Protocol
	sameProtocol := true
	for _, step := range opp.Path {
		if step.Protocol != firstProtocol {
			sameProtocol = false
			break
		}
	}

	var to common.Address
	var data []byte
	var err error

	if sameProtocol {
		// Use protocol-specific multi-hop encoding
		switch firstProtocol {
		case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV2, mevtypes.ProtocolSushiSwap:
			to, data, err = tb.uniswapV2Encoder.EncodeMultiHopSwap(opp, fromAddress, minOutput, deadline)

		case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV3:
			to, data, err = tb.uniswapV3Encoder.EncodeMultiHopSwap(opp, fromAddress, minOutput, deadline)

		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("multi-hop not supported for protocol: %s", firstProtocol)
		}
	} else {
		// Mixed protocols - need custom aggregator contract
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("mixed-protocol multi-hop not yet implemented")
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to encode multi-hop swap: %w", err)
	}

	gasLimit := tb.estimateGasLimit(opp)

	tx := &SwapTransaction{
		To:                to,
		Data:              data,
		Value:             big.NewInt(0),
		GasLimit:          gasLimit,
		Opportunity:       opp,
		Deadline:          deadline,
		Slippage:          slippage,
		MinOutput:         minOutput,
		RequiresFlashloan: tb.requiresFlashloan(opp, fromAddress),
	}

	return tx, nil
}

// setGasPricing sets EIP-1559 gas pricing for the transaction
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) setGasPricing(ctx context.Context, tx *SwapTransaction) error {
	// Use configured max values
	maxPriorityFee := new(big.Int).Mul(
		big.NewInt(int64(tb.config.MaxPriorityFeeGwei)),
		big.NewInt(1e9),
	)

	maxFeePerGas := new(big.Int).Mul(
		big.NewInt(int64(tb.config.MaxFeePerGasGwei)),
		big.NewInt(1e9),
	)

	// For arbitrage, we can calculate max gas price based on profit
	if tx.Opportunity != nil && tx.Opportunity.NetProfit.Sign() > 0 {
		// Max gas we can afford: netProfit / gasLimit
		maxAffordableGas := new(big.Int).Div(
			tx.Opportunity.NetProfit,
			big.NewInt(int64(tx.GasLimit)),
		)

		// Use 90% of max affordable to maintain profit margin
		affordableGas := new(big.Int).Mul(maxAffordableGas, big.NewInt(90))
		affordableGas.Div(affordableGas, big.NewInt(100))

		// Use the lower of configured max and affordable
		if affordableGas.Cmp(maxFeePerGas) < 0 {
			maxFeePerGas = affordableGas
		}
	}

	tx.MaxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas
	tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas = maxPriorityFee

	tb.logger.Debug("set gas pricing",
		"maxFeePerGas", maxFeePerGas.String(),
		"maxPriorityFeePerGas", maxPriorityFee.String(),
	)

	return nil
}

// calculateMinOutput calculates minimum output amount with slippage protection
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) calculateMinOutput(outputAmount *big.Int, slippageBPS uint16) *big.Int {
	// minOutput = outputAmount * (10000 - slippageBPS) / 10000
	multiplier := big.NewInt(int64(10000 - slippageBPS))
	minOutput := new(big.Int).Mul(outputAmount, multiplier)
	minOutput.Div(minOutput, big.NewInt(10000))
	return minOutput
}

// estimateGasLimit estimates gas limit for the opportunity
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) estimateGasLimit(opp *arbitrage.Opportunity) uint64 {
	// Base gas
	baseGas := uint64(21000)

	// Gas per swap
	var gasPerSwap uint64
	for _, step := range opp.Path {
		switch step.Protocol {
		case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV2, mevtypes.ProtocolSushiSwap:
			gasPerSwap += 120000
		case mevtypes.ProtocolUniswapV3:
			gasPerSwap += 180000
		case mevtypes.ProtocolCurve:
			gasPerSwap += 150000
		default:
			gasPerSwap += 150000 // Default estimate
		}
	}

	totalGas := baseGas + gasPerSwap

	// Apply multiplier for safety
	gasLimit := uint64(float64(totalGas) * tb.config.GasLimitMultiplier)

	// Cap at max
	if gasLimit > tb.config.MaxGasLimit {
		gasLimit = tb.config.MaxGasLimit
	}

	return gasLimit
}

// requiresFlashloan determines if the opportunity requires a flashloan
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) requiresFlashloan(opp *arbitrage.Opportunity, fromAddress common.Address) bool {
	// If input amount is large, we likely need a flashloan
	// This is a simplified check - in production, we'd check actual wallet balance

	oneETH := new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1e18))

	// Require flashloan if input > 1 ETH
	return opp.InputAmount.Cmp(oneETH) > 0
}

// SignTransaction signs the transaction with the provided private key
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) SignTransaction(
	tx *SwapTransaction,
	nonce uint64,
	privateKey []byte,
) (*types.Transaction, error) {
	// Create EIP-1559 transaction
	ethTx := types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
		ChainID:   tb.chainID,
		Nonce:     nonce,
		GasTipCap: tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas,
		GasFeeCap: tx.MaxFeePerGas,
		Gas:       tx.GasLimit,
		To:        &tx.To,
		Value:     tx.Value,
		Data:      tx.Data,
	})

	// Sign transaction
	signer := types.LatestSignerForChainID(tb.chainID)
	ecdsaKey, err := crypto.ToECDSA(privateKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid private key: %w", err)
	}

	signedTx, err := types.SignTx(ethTx, signer, ecdsaKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign transaction: %w", err)
	}

	return signedTx, nil
}

// ValidateTransaction performs pre-execution validation
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) ValidateTransaction(tx *SwapTransaction) error {
	// Check gas limit
	if tx.GasLimit > tb.config.MaxGasLimit {
		return fmt.Errorf("gas limit %d exceeds max %d", tx.GasLimit, tb.config.MaxGasLimit)
	}

	// Check slippage
	if tx.Slippage > tb.config.MaxSlippageBPS {
		return fmt.Errorf("slippage %d bps exceeds max %d bps", tx.Slippage, tb.config.MaxSlippageBPS)
	}

	// Check deadline
	if tx.Deadline.Before(time.Now()) {
		return fmt.Errorf("deadline has passed")
	}

	// Check min output
	if tx.MinOutput == nil || tx.MinOutput.Sign() <= 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid minimum output")
	}

	return nil
}

// EstimateProfit estimates the actual profit after execution costs
func (tb *TransactionBuilder) EstimateProfit(tx *SwapTransaction) (*big.Int, error) {
	// Gas cost = gasLimit * maxFeePerGas
	gasCost := new(big.Int).Mul(
		big.NewInt(int64(tx.GasLimit)),
		tx.MaxFeePerGas,
	)

	// Estimated output (accounting for slippage)
	estimatedOutput := tx.MinOutput

	// Profit = output - input - gasCost
	profit := new(big.Int).Sub(estimatedOutput, tx.Opportunity.InputAmount)
	profit.Sub(profit, gasCost)

	return profit, nil
}