mev-beta/pkg/arbitrum/dynamic_gas_strategy.go

package arbitrum

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"sort"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"

	"github.com/fraktal/mev-beta/internal/logger"
)

// GasStrategy represents different gas pricing strategies
type GasStrategy int

const (
	Conservative GasStrategy = iota // 0.7x percentile multiplier
	Standard                        // 1.0x percentile multiplier
	Aggressive                      // 1.5x percentile multiplier
)

// DynamicGasEstimator provides network-aware dynamic gas estimation
type DynamicGasEstimator struct {
	logger *logger.Logger
	client *ethclient.Client
	mu     sync.RWMutex

	// Historical gas price tracking (last 50 blocks)
	recentGasPrices []uint64
	recentBaseFees  []uint64
	maxHistorySize  int

	// Current network stats
	currentBaseFee      uint64
	currentPriorityFee  uint64
	networkPercentile50 uint64 // Median gas price
	networkPercentile75 uint64 // 75th percentile
	networkPercentile90 uint64 // 90th percentile

	// L1 data fee tracking
	l1DataFeeScalar float64
	l1BaseFee       uint64
	lastL1Update    time.Time

	// Update control
	updateTicker *time.Ticker
	stopChan     chan struct{}
}

// NewDynamicGasEstimator creates a new dynamic gas estimator
func NewDynamicGasEstimator(logger *logger.Logger, client *ethclient.Client) *DynamicGasEstimator {
	estimator := &DynamicGasEstimator{
		logger:          logger,
		client:          client,
		maxHistorySize:  50,
		recentGasPrices: make([]uint64, 0, 50),
		recentBaseFees:  make([]uint64, 0, 50),
		stopChan:        make(chan struct{}),
		l1DataFeeScalar: 1.3, // Default scalar
	}

	return estimator
}

// Start begins tracking gas prices
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) Start() {
	// Initial update
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
	dge.updateGasStats(ctx)
	cancel()

	// Start periodic updates every 5 blocks (~10 seconds on Arbitrum)
	dge.updateTicker = time.NewTicker(10 * time.Second)
	go dge.updateLoop()

	dge.logger.Info("✅ Dynamic gas estimator started")
}

// Stop stops the gas estimator
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) Stop() {
	close(dge.stopChan)
	if dge.updateTicker != nil {
		dge.updateTicker.Stop()
	}
	dge.logger.Info("✅ Dynamic gas estimator stopped")
}

// updateLoop continuously updates gas statistics
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) updateLoop() {
	for {
		select {
		case <-dge.updateTicker.C:
			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 8*time.Second)
			dge.updateGasStats(ctx)
			cancel()
		case <-dge.stopChan:
			return
		}
	}
}

// updateGasStats updates current gas price statistics
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) updateGasStats(ctx context.Context) {
	// Get latest block
	latestBlock, err := dge.client.BlockByNumber(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		dge.logger.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get latest block for gas stats: %v", err))
		return
	}

	dge.mu.Lock()
	defer dge.mu.Unlock()

	// Update base fee
	if latestBlock.BaseFee() != nil {
		dge.currentBaseFee = latestBlock.BaseFee().Uint64()
		dge.addBaseFeeToHistory(dge.currentBaseFee)
	}

	// Calculate priority fee from recent transactions
	priorityFeeSum := uint64(0)
	txCount := 0

	for _, tx := range latestBlock.Transactions() {
		if tx.Type() == types.DynamicFeeTxType {
			if gasTipCap := tx.GasTipCap(); gasTipCap != nil {
				priorityFeeSum += gasTipCap.Uint64()
				txCount++
			}
		}
	}

	if txCount > 0 {
		dge.currentPriorityFee = priorityFeeSum / uint64(txCount)
	} else {
		// Default to 0.1 gwei if no dynamic fee transactions
		dge.currentPriorityFee = 100000000 // 0.1 gwei in wei
	}

	// Add to history
	effectiveGasPrice := dge.currentBaseFee + dge.currentPriorityFee
	dge.addGasPriceToHistory(effectiveGasPrice)

	// Calculate percentiles
	dge.calculatePercentiles()

	// Update L1 data fee if needed (every 5 minutes)
	if time.Since(dge.lastL1Update) > 5*time.Minute {
		go dge.updateL1DataFee(ctx)
	}

	dge.logger.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Gas stats updated - Base: %d wei, Priority: %d wei, P50: %d, P75: %d, P90: %d",
		dge.currentBaseFee, dge.currentPriorityFee,
		dge.networkPercentile50, dge.networkPercentile75, dge.networkPercentile90))
}

// addGasPriceToHistory adds a gas price to history
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) addGasPriceToHistory(gasPrice uint64) {
	dge.recentGasPrices = append(dge.recentGasPrices, gasPrice)
	if len(dge.recentGasPrices) > dge.maxHistorySize {
		dge.recentGasPrices = dge.recentGasPrices[1:]
	}
}

// addBaseFeeToHistory adds a base fee to history
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) addBaseFeeToHistory(baseFee uint64) {
	dge.recentBaseFees = append(dge.recentBaseFees, baseFee)
	if len(dge.recentBaseFees) > dge.maxHistorySize {
		dge.recentBaseFees = dge.recentBaseFees[1:]
	}
}

// calculatePercentiles calculates gas price percentiles
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) calculatePercentiles() {
	if len(dge.recentGasPrices) == 0 {
		return
	}

	// Create sorted copy
	sorted := make([]uint64, len(dge.recentGasPrices))
	copy(sorted, dge.recentGasPrices)
	sort.Slice(sorted, func(i, j int) bool {
		return sorted[i] < sorted[j]
	})

	// Calculate percentiles
	p50Index := len(sorted) * 50 / 100
	p75Index := len(sorted) * 75 / 100
	p90Index := len(sorted) * 90 / 100

	dge.networkPercentile50 = sorted[p50Index]
	dge.networkPercentile75 = sorted[p75Index]
	dge.networkPercentile90 = sorted[p90Index]
}

// EstimateGasWithStrategy estimates gas parameters using the specified strategy
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) EstimateGasWithStrategy(ctx context.Context, msg ethereum.CallMsg, strategy GasStrategy) (*DynamicGasEstimate, error) {
	dge.mu.RLock()
	baseFee := dge.currentBaseFee
	priorityFee := dge.currentPriorityFee
	p50 := dge.networkPercentile50
	p75 := dge.networkPercentile75
	p90 := dge.networkPercentile90
	l1Scalar := dge.l1DataFeeScalar
	l1BaseFee := dge.l1BaseFee
	dge.mu.RUnlock()

	// Estimate gas limit
	gasLimit, err := dge.client.EstimateGas(ctx, msg)
	if err != nil {
		// Use default if estimation fails
		gasLimit = 500000
		dge.logger.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Gas estimation failed, using default: %v", err))
	}

	// Add 20% buffer to gas limit
	gasLimit = gasLimit * 12 / 10

	// Calculate gas price based on strategy
	var targetGasPrice uint64
	var multiplier float64

	switch strategy {
	case Conservative:
		// Use median (P50) with 0.7x multiplier
		targetGasPrice = p50
		multiplier = 0.7
	case Standard:
		// Use P75 with 1.0x multiplier
		targetGasPrice = p75
		multiplier = 1.0
	case Aggressive:
		// Use P90 with 1.5x multiplier
		targetGasPrice = p90
		multiplier = 1.5
	default:
		targetGasPrice = p75
		multiplier = 1.0
	}

	// Apply multiplier
	targetGasPrice = uint64(float64(targetGasPrice) * multiplier)

	// Ensure minimum gas price (base fee + 0.1 gwei priority)
	minGasPrice := baseFee + 100000000 // 0.1 gwei
	if targetGasPrice < minGasPrice {
		targetGasPrice = minGasPrice
	}

	// Calculate EIP-1559 parameters
	maxPriorityFeePerGas := uint64(float64(priorityFee) * multiplier)
	if maxPriorityFeePerGas < 100000000 { // Minimum 0.1 gwei
		maxPriorityFeePerGas = 100000000
	}

	maxFeePerGas := baseFee*2 + maxPriorityFeePerGas // 2x base fee for buffer

	// Estimate L1 data fee
	callDataSize := uint64(len(msg.Data))
	l1DataFee := dge.estimateL1DataFee(callDataSize, l1BaseFee, l1Scalar)

	estimate := &DynamicGasEstimate{
		GasLimit:             gasLimit,
		MaxFeePerGas:         maxFeePerGas,
		MaxPriorityFeePerGas: maxPriorityFeePerGas,
		L1DataFee:            l1DataFee,
		TotalGasCost:         (gasLimit * maxFeePerGas) + l1DataFee,
		Strategy:             strategy,
		BaseFee:              baseFee,
		NetworkPercentile:    targetGasPrice,
	}

	return estimate, nil
}

// estimateL1DataFee estimates the L1 data fee for Arbitrum
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) estimateL1DataFee(callDataSize uint64, l1BaseFee uint64, scalar float64) uint64 {
	if callDataSize == 0 {
		return 0
	}

	// Arbitrum L1 data fee formula:
	// L1 fee = calldata_size * L1_base_fee * scalar
	l1Fee := float64(callDataSize) * float64(l1BaseFee) * scalar

	return uint64(l1Fee)
}

// updateL1DataFee updates L1 data fee parameters from ArbGasInfo
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) updateL1DataFee(ctx context.Context) {
	// ArbGasInfo precompile address
	arbGasInfoAddr := common.HexToAddress("0x000000000000000000000000000000000000006C")

	// Call getPricesInWei() function
	// Function signature: getPricesInWei() returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256)
	callData := common.Hex2Bytes("02199f34") // getPricesInWei function selector

	msg := ethereum.CallMsg{
		To:   &arbGasInfoAddr,
		Data: callData,
	}

	result, err := dge.client.CallContract(ctx, msg, nil)
	if err != nil {
		dge.logger.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get L1 base fee from ArbGasInfo: %v", err))
		return
	}

	if len(result) < 32 {
		dge.logger.Debug("Invalid result from ArbGasInfo.getPricesInWei")
		return
	}

	// Parse L1 base fee (first return value)
	l1BaseFee := new(big.Int).SetBytes(result[0:32])

	dge.mu.Lock()
	dge.l1BaseFee = l1BaseFee.Uint64()
	dge.lastL1Update = time.Now()
	dge.mu.Unlock()

	dge.logger.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Updated L1 base fee from ArbGasInfo: %d wei", dge.l1BaseFee))
}

// GetCurrentStats returns current gas statistics
func (dge *DynamicGasEstimator) GetCurrentStats() GasStats {
	dge.mu.RLock()
	defer dge.mu.RUnlock()

	return GasStats{
		BaseFee:         dge.currentBaseFee,
		PriorityFee:     dge.currentPriorityFee,
		Percentile50:    dge.networkPercentile50,
		Percentile75:    dge.networkPercentile75,
		Percentile90:    dge.networkPercentile90,
		L1DataFeeScalar: dge.l1DataFeeScalar,
		L1BaseFee:       dge.l1BaseFee,
		HistorySize:     len(dge.recentGasPrices),
	}
}

// DynamicGasEstimate contains dynamic gas estimation details with strategy
type DynamicGasEstimate struct {
	GasLimit             uint64
	MaxFeePerGas         uint64
	MaxPriorityFeePerGas uint64
	L1DataFee            uint64
	TotalGasCost         uint64
	Strategy             GasStrategy
	BaseFee              uint64
	NetworkPercentile    uint64
}

// GasStats contains current gas statistics
type GasStats struct {
	BaseFee         uint64
	PriorityFee     uint64
	Percentile50    uint64
	Percentile75    uint64
	Percentile90    uint64
	L1DataFeeScalar float64
	L1BaseFee       uint64
	HistorySize     int
}

// String returns strategy name
func (gs GasStrategy) String() string {
	switch gs {
	case Conservative:
		return "Conservative"
	case Standard:
		return "Standard"
	case Aggressive:
		return "Aggressive"
	default:
		return "Unknown"
	}
}